Two Female Figures with a Cornucopia
Drawing on paper in an oval format • Attributed to the School of Fontainebleau; possibly manner of Francesco Primaticcio or Rosso Fiorentino
Style & Movement
Mannerism (French/Italian)
Medium & Technique
Pen and brown ink with brown wash, heightened with white lead (highlights), on toned or prepared paper using cross-hatching and wash techniques
Creation Period
Late 16th century, circa 1560-1590
Dimensions & Format
Approximately 20 x 25 cm; Oval tondo format
Subject Description
Two allegorical female figures (likely Abundance or the Graces) carrying a large cornucopia overflowing with fruits and flowers. The composition features elongated limbs, stylized facial features, and complex drapery characteristic of the Mannerist aesthetic.
Condition & Value Assessment
Condition Assessment
Fair; visible aging of the paper support and significant oxidation of the lead white highlights
Estimated Market Value
$4,000 - $7,000
Auction Estimate
$3,000 - $5,000
Provenance History
Likely from a European private collection or an old master album; no clear stamps visible, though the paper has been trimmed to an oval and laid down
Art Historical Significance
A representative example of the stylistic dissemination of the First School of Fontainebleau. It reflects the influence of Italian Mannerists working at the court of Francis I, specifically in the decorative programs of the Château de Fontainebleau.
Notable Features
The use of white heightening to create volume against the toned paper is a hallmark of decorative preparatory sketches from this era. The oval shape suggests it may have been a study for a medallion or a ceiling fresco.
Condition Issues
Significant brown staining/oxidation of the white lead highlights (turning them dark), perimeter foxing, paper yellowing, and minor edge chips and creases
Conservation Recommendations
Professional deacidification and stabilization. Use of UV-protective glazing and climate control to prevent further oxidation and foxing. Acid-free archival mounting is required.