Juggling (also referred to as Deux Jongleurs)
Drawing on paper • Alexander Calder (American, 1898–1976)
Style & Movement
Modernism / Surrealism (Linear period), often associated with the 'Cirque Calder' era
Medium & Technique
Ink on paper (likely India ink), utilizing a continuous contour line technique
Creation Period
1931
Dimensions & Format
Approximately 19 x 25 inches (standard for this series); Landscape orientation
Subject Description
The composition features two jugglers within a circus ring. The larger figure on the left is depicted mid-motion, balancing one ball on his head while tossing another. The smaller figure on the right is poised to catch or throw. The minimalist line-weight and whimsical figures are characteristic of Calder's fascination with the circus and translate his three-dimensional wire sculptures into a two-dimensional plane.
Condition & Value Assessment
Condition Assessment
Fair to Good. There is visible overall toning (yellowing) of the paper consistent with age and probable acid migration from non-archival backing. Some mat burn is visible at the edges.
Estimated Market Value
$60,000 - $90,000 USD
Auction Estimate
$50,000 - $80,000 USD
Provenance History
Signed 'Calder 1931' in the lower right. Likely acquired through a gallery specializing in Modernism; Calder's 1930s drawings were frequently traded through Gallerie Maeght or Perls Galleries.
Art Historical Significance
This drawing represents a pivotal moment in Calder's career where he translated the spatial dynamics of his 'Cirque Calder' and wire sculptures into drawing. 1931 is the year Calder transitioned into pure abstraction and invented the 'Mobile,' making his figurative works from this exact year highly sought after as transitional pieces.
Notable Features
Features the artist's signature and date in a style consistent with other 1931 works. The 'wire-like' quality of the ink line serves as a direct blueprint for his revolutionary wire portraiture and kinetic sculpture.
Condition Issues
Significant oxidation/yellowing of the paper support; visible darken edge along the perimeter (mat burn); potential light foxing or handling creases, though obscured by glass reflection.
Conservation Recommendations
Professional deacidification and light cleaning by a paper conservator. Re-framing with museum-grade UV-protective glass and acid-free, 8-ply cotton rag matting to prevent further deterioration.
Collector Notes
Calder- 1931