Study of Head of Saint Jerome with a Cross
Original drawing on paper • Circle of or follower of Jusepe de Ribera or a Late Mannerist/Early Baroque Italian master; showing influences of the Bolognese School
Style & Movement
Late Mannerism transitioning into Early Baroque (Naturalism)
Medium & Technique
Pen and brown ink with brown wash and possible traces of black chalk or graphite underdrawing on laid paper; features cross-hatching and contoured line work
Creation Period
Late 16th to early 17th century (circa 1580–1620)
Dimensions & Format
Small-scale cabinet drawing, approximately 15 x 20 cm; landscape format
Subject Description
A profile study of an elderly, bearded man, likely Saint Jerome in penitence, looking upward in spiritual ecstasy or contemplation. A cross is visible in the lower-left foreground, and a circular form above may represent a halo or a skull in shadow.
Condition & Value Assessment
Condition Assessment
Fair to Good; shows significant signs of age with horizontal and vertical creasing (possibly from folding), minor surface abrasions, and acidification of the paper
Estimated Market Value
$1,500 - $3,500 USD (subject to authentication of the specific hand)
Auction Estimate
$1,200 - $2,500 USD
Provenance History
Unknown; lacks visible collection stamps or signatures on the face, suggesting a private collection or part of a larger disorganized portfolio
Art Historical Significance
Representative of the 'testa di carattere' tradition, focusing on the expressive qualities of aging and religious fervor; reflects the Counter-Reformation interest in hermit saints
Notable Features
Highly detailed rendering of the wrinkled skin on the neck and the coiled texture of the hair/beard; the dramatic upward tilt of the head is a classic Baroque trope for divine communication
Condition Issues
Prominent central horizontal crease and vertical fold marks; light foxing; staining in the upper-left corner; paper shows yellowing consistent with wood-pulp contact or UV exposure; some ink acidity starting to burn through
Conservation Recommendations
Acid-free mounting and matting; UV-protective museum glass; stabilization of the fold lines by a paper conservator to prevent tearing