American Ornithology, Volume IV, Plate 28: 1. Carolina Cuckoo, 2. Black-billed C., 3. Blue Yellow-back Warbler, 4. Yellow Red-poll
Hand-colored engraving on wove paper • Alexander Wilson (Artist/Naturalist) and Alexander Lawson (Engraver)
Style & Movement
Natural History Illustration / Early American Romanticism
Medium & Technique
Copperplate engraving with professional hand-applied watercolor washes. The technique utilizes fine line hatching for texture and stippling for tonal transitions, typical of early 19th-century scientific illustration.
Creation Period
Published 1811 (Original Edition)
Dimensions & Format
Approximately 14 x 10.5 inches (Sheet size); Portrait orientation
Subject Description
A scientific grouping of four North American bird species: the Yellow-billed Cuckoo (then called Carolina Cuckoo), Black-billed Cuckoo, Northern Parula (then Blue Yellow-back Warbler), and Palm Warbler (then Yellow Red-poll). The composition prioritizes clear identification of plumage and anatomy, organized across the page in a taxonomic rather than strictly ecological arrangement.
Condition & Value Assessment
Condition Assessment
Good to Very Good. The paper shows characteristic age-toning and minor foxing consistent with early 19th-century publications.
Estimated Market Value
$250 - $450 USD
Auction Estimate
$200 - $400 USD
Provenance History
Drawn from Alexander Wilson's seminal nine-volume work 'American Ornithology' (1808–1814), likely sourced from a broken volume or a separate plate sale. Features the 'from Nature by A. Wilson' and 'Engraved by A. Lawson' inscriptions.
Art Historical Significance
Alexander Wilson is known as the 'Father of American Ornithology.' This work predates Audubon's 'Birds of America' and was the first comprehensive study of North American birds. It represents a foundational milestone in American science and art history.
Notable Features
Includes original copperplate engraving marks and period hand-coloring. The Plate numbering (often listed as Plate 28 in the full series) and the specific collaboration between Wilson and Lawson are hallmarks of the first edition's high quality.
Condition Issues
Visible foxing (small brown oxidization spots) in the upper and left margins; slight yellowing of the paper (acidification); minor handling creases near the edges.
Conservation Recommendations
Ensure the use of acid-free, archival matting and UV-protective glazing. Maintain a stable climate (50% RH) to prevent further foxing or paper brittleness.
Collector Notes
Own this. Volume 4 plate 1 engraved by A Lawson