Tufted Auk (Mormon Cirrhatus), Plate CCXLIX
Hand-colored aquatint engraving on paper • John James Audubon (after); engraved, printed, and colored by Robert Havell Jr.
Style & Movement
Natural History Illustration / Romanticism
Medium & Technique
Copperplate engraving with aquatint and etching, finished with hand-applied watercolor, likely on Whatman J. Turkey Mill paper
Creation Period
circa 1835 (published between 1827 and 1838)
Dimensions & Format
Approximately 25 x 38 inches (sheet size for Double Elephant Folio); landscape format
Subject Description
Depicts a pair of Tufted Puffins (identified then as Tufted Auks) in a rocky coastal environment. The composition shows one bird in profile and one facing forward, highlighting the species' unique 'tufts' and colorful bills. It is based on Plate 249 from 'The Birds of America'.
Condition & Value Assessment
Condition Assessment
Very Good; the image appears vibrant with minimal fading, though there is evidence of slight toning to the paper consistent with age.
Estimated Market Value
$5,000 - $12,000 USD (dependent on verification of original sheet vs. later facsimile)
Auction Estimate
$4,000 - $8,000 USD
Provenance History
Likely sourced from a broken original Double Elephant Folio edition of 'The Birds of America'. No specific gallery or collector labels are visible in the photograph.
Art Historical Significance
Crucial part of what is considered the finest ornithological work ever produced. Audubon's 'Birds of America' revolutionized natural history by depicting birds life-sized and in naturalistic poses.
Notable Features
Includes characteristic Havell edition inscriptions: 'No. 50' at top left, 'Plate CCXLIX' at top right, and the full Havell publication credit line at the bottom.
Condition Issues
Possible minor foxing or light staining along the margins; slight rippling of the paper visible near the mat edge; potential UV-related yellowing if not kept under conservation glass.
Conservation Recommendations
Ensure the use of UV-protective museum glass and acid-free mounting materials. Maintain stable humidity (45-55%) to prevent further paper oxidation.